Linux FAQ

User password live usb

Try it.

live

came up 26.12.2014 for this image.

Send an email to Linux

To send an email you need to enter in the command line

mail -s "Message subject" user@domain.ru

If you need to send the contents of the text file

mail -s "Message subject" user@domain.ru < /home/user/filename.txt

How to Get Out of the Linux Program

To stop the running program click

CTRL + C

How to copy a folder in Linux

cp -r source destination

How to find out how much free space Linux

df

Or install gparted

apt-get install gparted

gparted

How to send data from Linux

Suppose that somewhere there is an old server that just listens to some port. You need to send the data there.

You've got the protocol or it's not required. The data you recorded in the message.msg file

The server address is designated as url, port as port.

We need to install it first. netcat

netcat url port < message.msg

or

cat message.msg| nc url port

Example

netcat devserver 8085 < message.msg

How to restart the X-server

Restart the X-server (preliminarily leaving for Ctrl + Atl + F1)

/etc/init.d/gdm restart

or

/etc/init.d/gdm3 restart

or

/etc/init.d/kdm restart

How to Stop X Server

Stop/start X-server (after first switching to the console with Ctrl + Alt + F1) can be done with the command

/etc/init.d/gdm stop

or

/etc/init.d/gdm3 stop

or

/etc/init.d/kdm stop

If you don’t know what your X server is, you can try:

/etc/init.d/gdm stop || /etc/init.d/gdm3 stop || /etc/init.d/kdm stop || /etc/init.d/xdm stop || /etc/init.d/lightdm stop

If it didn’t help, try the options. here

or here.

How to Start an X Server

/etc/init.d/gdm start

or

/etc/init.d/gdm3 start

or

/etc/init.d/kdm start

It works if you have X-server gdm, gdm3 or kdm if you have something else, just replace it.

How to go from X to console

Ctrl + Alt + F1

How to move from console to X

Alt + F7

How to run a script

Let’s say your file with a script is called my_script.sh And you and him in the same directory.

./my_script_sh

If you are in different directories - specify either the absolute path to file my_script.sh or relative to your position.

Examples:

/home/$(whoami)/my_script.sh

../my_script.sh

How to Stop Script

If you run the script yourself from the same terminal, execute.

CTRL + C

If the script is run by someone else or in another terminal and you don’t remember which one. But remember the name of the script - execute.

ps -aux

Find the process number and close it with kill.

kill 1234

Search manually is usually long, I advise you to apply grep

ps -aux | grep your_script.py

Only the lines in which your script.py is present remember the process number (or numbers) execute

kill 1234

With help. awk You can simplify the process.

kill `ps -aux | grep your_script.py | awk '{print $2}'`

Here ps -aus shows a list of processes.

grep your_script.py Finds all processes running with use n script your_script.py

awk '{print $2} displays the process number shown in the second column

History

X Window System is a window system that provides standard tools and protocols for building a graphical user interface. It is used in UNIX-like operating systems.

The X Window System provides the basic features of the graphics environment: drawing and moving windows on the screen, interaction with input devices, For example, a mouse and keyboard.

X Window System does not define interface details This is done by window managers, of which many are designed. For this reason, the appearance of programs in the X Window System environment can be very strong. vary depending on the capabilities and settings of a particular window manager.

X Window System provides network transparency: graphics applications can run on another machine on the network, and their interface will be be transmitted over the network and displayed on the user's local machine.

In the context of the X Window System, the terms client and server are unusual for many. User value: "server" means a user's local display (display server), a "client" is the program that uses the display (it can run on a remote computer).

The X Window System was developed at MIT Institute (MIT) in 1984.

As of February 2016, X11R7.7 was released in June 2012.

Project X is led by the X.Org Foundation. Reference (or exemplary) implementation The system is freely available under the terms of the MIT license and similar licenses.

X Window System is often called X11 or simply X (colloquially «X's»)